Business Profitability & Pricing

Markup vs. Margin: What Is the Difference?

Markup measures profit relative to cost; margin measures profit relative to selling price.

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Quick answer

Markup measures profit relative to cost; margin measures profit relative to selling price.

Formula or method

Markup = profit ÷ cost ×100%; Margin = profit ÷ selling price ×100%

Keep units, percentages and time periods consistent. The formula is useful as a transparent check on the calculator result and helps explain why changing one input changes the answer.

Step-by-step

  1. Find cost and selling price.
  2. Subtract to get gross profit.
  3. Divide profit by cost for markup.
  4. Divide profit by price for margin.

Worked example

If cost is $60 and price is $100, profit is $40, markup is 66.67% and margin is 40%.

How to interpret the result

Confusing the two can cause underpricing because a target margin requires a larger markup percentage.

When the answer is used for a purchase, loan, payroll decision, construction order, school grade, health estimate or other real-world choice, verify the assumptions that matter in that context. Accurate arithmetic still depends on accurate inputs.

Common mistakes

  • Using cost as denominator for both.
  • Assuming 50% markup equals 50% margin.
  • Ignoring other costs when interpreting profit.

Frequently asked questions

Can markup exceed 100%?

Yes.

Can ordinary positive margin exceed 100%?

No.

How do I price for a target margin?

Price = cost ÷ (1 − target margin).

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